1 Kings 11:21

Authorized King James Version

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And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to mine own country.

Original Language Analysis

הֲדַד֙ And when Hadad H1908
הֲדַד֙ And when Hadad
Strong's: H1908
Word #: 1 of 21
hadad, the name of an idol, and of several kings of edom, possibly a royal title
שָׁמַ֣ע heard H8085
שָׁמַ֣ע heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 2 of 21
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
בְּמִצְרַ֗יִם in Egypt H4714
בְּמִצְרַ֗יִם in Egypt
Strong's: H4714
Word #: 3 of 21
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 4 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שָׁכַ֤ב slept H7901
שָׁכַ֤ב slept
Strong's: H7901
Word #: 5 of 21
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
דָּוִד֙ that David H1732
דָּוִד֙ that David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 6 of 21
david, the youngest son of jesse
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 7 of 21
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
אֲבֹתָ֔יו with his fathers H1
אֲבֹתָ֔יו with his fathers
Strong's: H1
Word #: 8 of 21
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
וְכִי H3588
וְכִי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 9 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
מֵ֖ת was dead H4191
מֵ֖ת was dead
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 10 of 21
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
יוֹאָ֣ב and that Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֣ב and that Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 11 of 21
joab, the name of three israelites
שַׂר the captain H8269
שַׂר the captain
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 12 of 21
a head person (of any rank or class)
הַצָּבָ֑א of the host H6635
הַצָּבָ֑א of the host
Strong's: H6635
Word #: 13 of 21
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
הֲדַד֙ And when Hadad H1908
הֲדַד֙ And when Hadad
Strong's: H1908
Word #: 15 of 21
hadad, the name of an idol, and of several kings of edom, possibly a royal title
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 16 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
פַּרְעֹ֔ה to Pharaoh H6547
פַּרְעֹ֔ה to Pharaoh
Strong's: H6547
Word #: 17 of 21
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
שַׁלְּחֵ֖נִי Let me depart H7971
שַׁלְּחֵ֖נִי Let me depart
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 18 of 21
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
וְאֵלֵ֥ךְ H1980
וְאֵלֵ֥ךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 19 of 21
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 20 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַרְצִֽי׃ to mine own country H776
אַרְצִֽי׃ to mine own country
Strong's: H776
Word #: 21 of 21
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis & Commentary

And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to mine own country.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's apostasy and death, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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